June 21, 2022
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

A. immersion.
B. envelopment.
C. pressure gradient.
D. pressure redistribution.

June 14, 2022
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Biofilm in chronic wounds:

A. is uniformly distributed across a chronic wound.
B. is diagnosed with the presence of slough.
C. contains organisms that are easily treated with systemic antibiotics.
D. cannot be seen with the naked eye.

From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Which of the following wounds might require a musculocutaneous flap for closure?

A. Large burn on the face
B. Calciphylaxis of the lower legs
C. Radiation necrosis of the chest wall
D. A stage 2 pressure injury on the trochanter

May 24, 2022
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Which of the following conditions predispose a patient to formation of an enterocutaneous fistula?

A. Normal nitrogen balance
B. Albumin level of 4.0 g/dL
C. Blood glucose of 80 mg/dL
D. Crohn’s disease

May 17, 2022
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Which one of the following is NOT considered part of a routine skin assessment?

A. Color
B. Turgor
C. Temperature
D. Ankle–brachial index (ABI)

May 10, 2022
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

The most commonly occurring complications of SCI are:

A. fracture.
B. urinary tract infection.
C. pressure ulcer development.
D. pulmonary/respiratory complications.

May 3, 2022
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

A. using small shifts in body weight to replace turning.
B. keeping the head of the bed flat at all times to prevent shear.
C. avoiding pillows between the legs.
D. supporting the pannus and other large skin folds.

April 26, 2022
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

The most effective debridement of chronic wound is:

A. use of topical enzymes for up to 4 weeks
B. continuous use of autolytic debridement with agents such as hydrogels
C. weekly sharp debridement
D. larvae (maggot) therapy for 2 weeks

April 19, 2022
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Which of the following wound photography techniques is incorrect?

A. Include a measuring device in the photo.
B. Permanently mark the date and time of the photo in the picture.
C. Hold the camera at a 90-degree angle to the wound.
D. Digital photos should be at least 1.5 megapixels.

April 12, 2022
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

_____ is defined as an event in which the skin and underlying tissue die due to hypoperfusion that occur concurrent with severe dysfunction or failure of other organ systems.

A. Xerosis
B. Skin failure
C. Skin tear
D. Pruritus

April 5, 2022
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

D. Chemical burn

March 29, 2022 
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

March 22, 2022 
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

All of the following are major risk factors for pressure injury development in the SCI population except:
A. preexisting conditions
B. severity of the SCI
C. gender
D. nutrition

March 15, 2022
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Which one of the following should be included in the care plan of a person with xerosis?
A. Have the patient shower daily.
B. Use a deodorant soap.
C. Dry the skin completely with vigorous rubbing.
D. Apply an emollient immediately after bathing

March 8, 2022 
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

D. Lysine and glutamic acid

March 1, 2022 
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

February 22, 2022
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

What is the current thinking about the use of topical antiseptics in chronic wounds?

A. Should never be used because biofilm organisms are resistant to them.
B. Should never be used because they injure cells needed for wound healing.
C. Should be used because they have site-specific action on bacteria.
D. Should be used because they kill planktonic organisms and enhance wound closure.

February 15, 2022 
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Which of the following orders should the clinician question in caring for a fungating wound?

A. Using nonadherent dressings
B. Using cold saline when irrigating the wound
C. Using a mixture of morphine with amorphous hydrogel
D. Using music and other relaxation techniques when providing care

January 18, 2022 
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

December 28, 2021
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Wound dressing selection should be based on the characteristics of the wound. All of the following should be considered when selecting dressings except:

A. size of dressing.
B. nurse preference.
C. moist or dry wound bed.
D. drainage.

December 14, 2021From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Which of the following is not a category of moist wound care dressings?

A. Hydrogel dressing
B. Calcium alginate dressing
C. Roller gauze dressing
D. Foam dressing

December 7, 2021
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

What is considered the international gold standard of treatment for lymphedema?

A. ECT
B. CDT
C. CVI
D. DVT

November 16, 2021
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Which statement about the purpose of debridement is correct?Debridement:

A. is not essential for wound healing.
B. removes debris so cell movement is enhanced.
C. removes necrotic tissue in order to enhance the wound’s biological burden.
D. reduces the need for moist wound healing.

November 16, 2021
From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Using the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel (ISTAP) classification system, what type of skin tear is seen here on the upper extremity?

A. Type I
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4

November 9, 2021

From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Which of the following would be considered abnormal in the inflammatory phase of wound healing?

A. Redness
B. Bleeding
C. Pain
D. Swelling
E. Heat

November 2, 2021

From 5th edition of Wound Care Essentials Practice Principles

Wound assessment is commonly lacking in the area of:

A. Size
B. Odor
C. Drainage
D. Pain

October 26, 2021
Submitted by M. Mark Melin, MD, FACS, RPVI, FACCWS, FAPWCA

Choose the false statement about scurvy;

A. A severe problem of sailors during the great explorations of the 15th and the 16th century
B. considered a disease of the past only
C. results in altered collagen synthesis causing blood-vessel fragility, bleeding gums, gingival hypertrophy
D. People living in social isolation and affected by psychiatric disorders (such as autism and anorexia nervosa), alcohol abuse disorders, or malabsorption (especially caused by digestive surgery) are at increased risk of scurvy
E. The most common laboratory finding of scurvy is normochromic normocytic anemia

More about scurvy here

October 19, 2021
Submitted by M. Mark Melin, MD, FACS, RPVI, FACCWS, FAPWCA

A Martorell Ulcer is defined as:
A. Venous ulcer with malignant transformationB. Traumatic ulcer with secondary infection by maggots
C. An atypical pressure ulcer that develops in paraplegic patients
D. Hypertensive leg ulcer, rare, progressive, painful, necrotic ulceration
E. Predominantly identified in the pediatric population

October 12, 2021
Submitted by M. Mark Melin, MD, FACS, RPVI, FACCWS, FAPWCA

58 year old female with a history of metastatic renal cell to lungs and right femur (successful prior surgical management 2 year prior) presents with a 3 month history of new right thigh wounds.

The most appropriate next step:

A. Apply amniotic graft
B. Levine culture and start oral antibiotics
C. Apply neomycin
D. Obtain Moh’s surgical consult
E. Biopsy wounds

October 5, 2021
Submitted by Jeffrey A. Niezgoda, MD, FACHM, MAPWCA, CHWS.

Based on this wound, which instrument should be selected? 

September 28. 2021
Submitted by Christopher L. Barrett, DPM, CWS, FAPWCA.

All of the following are appropriate patients for hyperbaric oxygen therapy referral except:

A. 78-year-old male with hematuria 3 years post radiation for prostate cancer
B. 47-year-old female with non-healing VLU of 3 months duration and acute cellulitis
C. 65-year-old male with T2 diabetes and chronic midfoot ulceration with + probe to bone
D. 50-year female with cyanosis of a TRAM flap 2 days post-op

September 21. 2021
Submitted by Christopher L. Barrett, DPM, CWS, FAPWCA.

A positive Stemmer sign is diagnostic for:

A. Osteomyelitis
B. Venous Hypertension
C. Lymphedema
D. Lipedema
E. Melanoma

September 14. 2021
Submitted by Jeffrey A. Niezgoda, MD, FACHM, MAPWCA, CHWS

This demonstrates which wound characteristic?

A. Tunneling
B. Undermining
C. Depth
D. Epiboly
E. Necrotic Margin

September 7, 2021
Submitted by Christopher L. Barrett, DPM, CWS, FAPWCA.

According to the TIME principle of wound bed preparation, what barrier to wound healing does M represent?

August 31. 2021
Submitted by Cheryl Carver, LPN, WCC, CWCA, DAPWCA, FACCWS.  Image provided by Selvam J. Watts from Chennai, India. 

Which is true regarding darker skin tones?

A. People with darker skin tones develop higher stage pressure ulcers.
B. Consider variances in skin tone color when assessing skin.
C. The perceptions of people with dark skin tones are under-examined.
D. Current skin assessment protocols are less effective for people who have darker skin tones
E. All the above 

August 24, 2021
Submitted by Jeffrey A. Niezgoda, MD, FACHM, MAPWCA, CHWS

The BEST description of the wound base is:

A. Filiform Fibrin
B. Edematous Carboxymethylcellulose
C. Free Range Myiasis
D. Ascariasis Diabetica

August 17, 2021
Submitted by Christopher L. Barrett, DPM, CWS, FAPWCA. 

In the Proliferative stage of acute wound healing, tissue regeneration relies primarily on the activity of this cell:

A. Macrophage
B. Fibroblast
C. Neutrophil
D. Protease

August 10, 2021
Submitted by Jeffrey A. Niezgoda, MD, FACHM, MAPWCA, CHWS.

This presentation should raise suspicion for which of the following?

A. Preauricular cellulitis
B. Anterior Extension of Ulcerative Mastoiditis
C. Atypical Ulceration
D. Fulminant Otitis Externa

August 3, 2021
Submitted by Mark Melin, MD, FACS, RPVI, FACCWS.

Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction (MPFF) are beneficial in treating venous leg ulcerations due to:

A. Improvement of lymphatic tone
B. Improved red blood cell deformability
C. Decreased ICAM and VCAM biomarkers
D. All of the above
E. A and C

Submitted by Jeffrey A. Niezgoda, MD, FACHM, MAPWCA, CHWS.

The most likely etiology of this presentation is?

A. Acute Venous Congestion
B. Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcer
C. Acute Traumatic Hemorrhage
D. Acute Arterial Ischemia
E. COVID Complications

July 20, 2021
Submitted by Cheryl Carver, LPN, WCC, CWCA, FACCWS, DAPWCA

What type of factors determine what method of debridement is most effective?

A. Wound presentation and evaluation
B. Economic factors
C. Patient history and examination
D. Previous wound history
E. A, B, D
F. All the above

July 13, 2021
Submitted by Jeffrey D. Lehrman, DPM, FASPS, MAPWCA, CPC

Is this an adequate ulcer debridement?

A. Yes

B. No, only periwound callus was removed and there is still non-viable tissue in the wound bed

July 6, 2021
Submitted by Cheryl Carver, LPN, WCC, CWCA, FACCWS, DAPWCA.

When applying a total contact cast, which of the following is true:

A. Substance abusers will develop an injection-related wound within a one-year period.
B. Education about substance abuse, skin issues, and wound care is vital in helping the user and healthcare staff.
C. Compassion is lacking for this wound population.
D. All of the above.

June 29, 2021
Submitted by Jeffrey D. Lehrman, DPM, FASPS, MAPWCA, CPC

When applying a total contact cast, which of the following is true:

A. The foot should be perpendicular to the leg
B. The foot should be plantarflexed on the leg
C. The cast should come above the fibular head
D. The cast should be as tight as possible

June 22, 2021
Submitted by Jeffrey D. Lehrman, DPM, FASPS, MAPWCA, CPC

This patient already has an amputation of their hallux Which of the following is the most important for this patient right now?

A. Perform debridement
B. Perform non-invasive vascular studies
C. X-ray
D. Test for COVID-19

June 15, 2021
Submitted by Jeffrey D. Lehrman, DPM, FASPS, MAPWCA, CPC

This patient already has an amputation of their hallux and 1st metatarsal head. Which surgical procedure is now most appropriate?

A. Removal of 2nd metatarsal head
B. Removal of 3rd metatarsal head
C. Removal of 4th metatarsal head
D. Removal of all remaining metatarsal heads

June 8, 2021
Submitted by Cheryl Carver, LPN, WCC, CWCA, FACCWS, DAPWCA

What type of wound presents with characteristics of a scale-like skin that resembles a crocodile hide, and can often result in amputation and death?

A. Russian Magic NF
B. Krokodil Skin Induced Necrosis
C. Desomorphine Fasciitis
D. Croc-NSFI

June 1, 2021
Submitted by Cheryl Carver, LPN, WCC, CWCA, FACCWS, DAPWCA

What factors should be considered when selecting a wound dressing?

A. Dressing technology
B. Size
C. Absorbency
D. Bacteriostatic properties
E. Multifunctionality
F. Anti-biofilm properties
G. A, B, D
H. B, D
I. All the above

May 25, 2021
Submitted by Elizabeth Faust, MSN, CRNP, CSWS, CWOCN-AP, DAPWCA

A skilled provider should always debride necrotic tissue.

A. True
B. False

May 4, 11, and 18, 2021
Submitted by Charles A. Andersen, MD, FACS, MAPWCA

A 62-year-old diabetic male presents to the hospital wound care clinic with pain in his right foot and wounds on his toes. The patient states that he has been having pain in his calf with ambulation for the past two years. His pain initially occurred after ambulating two blocks and was relieved by rest. Over the past six months, his walking distance has gradually decreased, now the patient states he can only walk a few feet and has pain at night — relieved by hanging his foot over the side of the bed. He now has wounds involving his toes.

Part 1: Many patients especially patients with diabetes have very significant PAD have no symptoms.

A. True
B. False

Part 2: Because the patient has diabetes he probably has small vessel disease and should be taken to the OR for a BK Amputation.

A. True
B. False

Part 3: The pain he is experiencing at night is neuropathy.

A. True
B. False

Part 4: The gangrenous toes are a result of “Diabetic Small Vessel Disease”.

A. True
B. False

Part 5: The patient should have an arteriogram performed with the goal to attempt revascularization.

A. True
B. False

Part 6: Revascularization is indicated to facilitate a TMA vs. a BKA amputation.

A. True
B. False

April 27, 2021
Submitted by Cheryl Carver, LPN, WCC, CWCA, FACCWS, DAPWCA

Which type of debridement methods can be used in biofilm management?

A. BEAMS
B. Conservative sharp debridement
C. Autolysis
D. All the above

April 20, 2021
Submitted by Cheryl Carver, LPN, WCC, CWCA, FACCWS, DAPWCA

A chronic wound can be defined as:

A. A wound with slow progression that is interrupted by only intrinsic factors.
B. A wound that has a slow progression through the healing phases, delayed or stalled healing due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors that impact on the individual and their wound.
C. Chronic non-healing wounds are wounds that have failed to progress through a timely sequential of repairment.

April 13, 2021

Submitted by Jeffrey A. Niezgoda, MD, FACHM, MAPWCA, CHWS

This open wound shows granulation tissue developing on exposed bone. What is BEST explanation for this physiology?

A. Indicates the presence of malignancy
B. Suggests active osteomyelitis
C. Occurs only with an intact viable periosteum
D. Represents a genetic aberranc
E. Likely due to prior grafting with CTP

April 6, 2021
Submitted by Cheryl Carver, LPN, WCC, CWCA, FACCWS, DAPWCA

What types of skin manifestations have been reported in frontline workers due to wearing PPE for extended periods of time?

A. Acne, rash
B. Aggravation of dermatoses
C. Skin breakdown nasal bridge, ears, and face
D. All the above

March 30, 2021
Submitted by Christopher L. Barrett, DPM, CWS, FAPWCA

Patient is a 90-year-old female with a non-contributory PMH who initially presented to the outpatient wound department with a trauma-induced right anterior leg wound in January of 2017. Non-invasive arterial testing demonstrated and right ABI of 1.07, a TBI of .48 and mild dampening of the pulse volume tracings. The wound required six months of compression and local care, including cellular and/or tissue-based products (CTP) to heal. The patient returned two months after initial discharge complaining that the wound appeared healed but was still painful and somewhat pruritic. Venous reflux study was negative and she was referred to her PCP for follow-up. The patient again returned to the outpatient wound department in August of 2020 after suffering mild trauma to the same location as the previously healed wound. After four months of care the wound appeared healed only to have the patient return one month later in January of 2021 stating the wound had gradually reappeared.

A. Compression therapy
B. Repeat non-invasive arterial studies
C. Wound biopsy
D. Debridement and CTP application(s)

  

March 23, 2021
Submitted by Cheryl Carver, LPN, WCC, CWCA, FACCWS, DAPWCA

Wounds connected with infection can include:

A. Necrotizing Fasciitis
B. Fournier’s gangrene
C. Actinomycosis
D. Cellulitis
E. All the above

March 16, 2021

Submitted by Richard E. Schlanger, MD, PhD, FAPWCA, CWSP, FACS

A. Septic emboli
B. Soft tissue necrosis
C. Compartment syndrome
D. Rattlesnake bite

March 9, 2021

Submitted by Nancy Collins, PhD, RDN, LD, NWCC, FAND

Patients with wounds should consume a food high in vitamin C every day. Which food is best to meet this goal?

A. Fresh orange
B. Bowl of oatmeal
C. Grilled skinless chicken breast
D. Bran muffin

March 2, 2021

Submitted by Cheryl Carver, LPN, WCC, CWCA, FACCWS, DAPWCA

What type of preventional goals should be considered in patients at risk for pressure injury wounds?

A. Risk management
B. Nutritional management
C. Medical devices
D. Interventional methods
E. Skin management
F. All the above
G. 1, 4, 5

February 23, 2021
Submitted by Frank Aviles Jr, PT, CWS, FACCWS, CLT-LANA, ALM, AWCC, DAPWCA, MLD/CDT Instr

70 year old patient presents to your clinic with left lower extremity swelling. Hx of prolonged standing, fall sustained 4 months prior, and limited mobility.

Based on your assessment, which treatment intervention is recommended:

A. Diuretics
B. Compression
C. Pumps
D. Complete Decongestive Therapy
E. Venous ablation

February 16, 2021
Submitted by Frank Aviles Jr, PT, CWS, FACCWS, CLT-LANA, ALM, AWCC, DAPWCA, MLD/CDT Instr

70 year old patient presents to your clinic with left lower extremity swelling. Hx of prolonged standing, fall sustained 4 months prior, and limited mobility.

Based on the presentation, what could be the cause of the swelling:

A. Cardiac related condition
B. Chronic venous insufficiency
C. Primary lymphedema
D. Secondary lymphedema
E. Lipedema

February 9, 2021
Submitted by Jeffrey D. Lehrman, DPM, FASPS, MAPWCA, CPC

This patient presents with color changes to their toes after extended cold exposure. What is the most appropriate treatment?

A. Femoral - popliteal artery bypass
B. Forefoot amputation
C. Sharp debridement
D. Hyperbaric oxygen

February 2, 2021
Submitted by Nancy Collins, PhD, RDN, LD, NWCC, FAND

A patient is diagnosed with heart failure and a wound and must follow a specific diet. Which spices are okay for the patient to use daily?

A. Onion salt and garlic powder
B. Ginger and bay leaves
C. Sea salt and pepper
D. Garlic salt and nutmeg

January 26, 2021
Submitted by Jeffrey D. Lehrman, DPM, FASPS, MAPWCA, CPC

What is the most appropriate surgical procedure to offload this 5th toe #ulcer?

A. Remove the head of the 5th toe proximal phalanx
B. Remove the 5th metatarsal head
C. Flexor tenotomy
D. Extensor tenotomy

January 12, 2021
Submitted by Nancy Collins, PhD, RDN, LD, NWCC, FAND

All of the following are needed for strong bones except:

A. Calcium
B. Magnesium
C. Thiamine
D. Vitamin D

January 5, 2021
Submitted by Jeffrey D. Lehrman, DPM, FASPS, MAPWCA, CPC

What is the most appropriate modality to offload this plantar 1st metatarsal head diabetic foot ulcer?

A. Surgical shoe
B. Total contact cast
C. Forefoot wedge shoe
D. Rearfoot wedge shoe

December 29, 2020
Submitted by Nancy Collins, PhD, RDN, LD, NWCC, FAND

What is the medical term to mean an age related shift in body composition that is a major cause of frailty and loss of independence in the elderly? 

A. Cachexia
B. Sarcopenia
C. Anorexia
D. Obesity

December 22, 2020
Submitted by Christopher L. Barrett, DPM, CWS, FAPWCA

If subscribing to the Angiosome Concept of Endovascular Therapy, which of the six angiosomes of the foot supplies the most direct flow to this wound on the right lateral malleolus and what primary vessel does that angiosome originate from?

A. Anterior perforating; Peroneal
B. Lateral plantar; Posterior tibial
C. Dorsalis pedis; Anterior tibial
D. Calcaneal branch; Peroneal